Konichiwa! Located in East Asia, Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, although a majority of its landmass is accounted for by the 4 largest islands.

Despite being a relatively small country, Japan’s capital, Tokyo, is home to 36 million hard-working citizens, making it the largest metropolitan area in the globe.

Also, even though Japan is densely populated, the Japanese have one of the highest standards of living, while also having the highest life expectancy in the world.

Japan is also one of the most advanced and tech-friendly countries in the world. Can you imagine a world without karaoke, the Gameboy, or a Prius?

Also, did you know that the Japanese characters that comprise Japan’s name (日本) literally mean “origin of the sun” and that Japan is often referred to as the “Land of the Rising Sun”?

Japan: Facts, Figures, and Features

• • Neighbors: Russia, Korea, China
  • Size: 145,925  square miles
  • Population: 126,659,683 (10th)
  • Density: 873.1 people per square mile
  • Capital City: Tokyo (population 13,189,000)
  • Head of State: Emperor Akihito
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga
  • Currency: Japanese Yen (JPY)
  • Main Imports: Petroleum, liquid natural gas, clothing, semiconductors, coal, audio, and visual apparatus
  • Main Exports: Motor vehicles, semiconductors, iron and steel products, auto parts, Suzuki Ichiro, Sony PlayStation, Samurai swords, Mr. Miyagi
  • Imports Partners: China 21.3%, U.S. 8.8%, Australia 6.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, UAE 5%, South Korea 4.6%, Qatar 4%
  • Exports Partners: China 18.1%, U.S. 17.8%, South Korea 7.7%, Thailand 5.5%, Hong Kong 5.1%
  • Time Zone: GMT +09

Economic Overview

Aside from being the video game capital of the world, Japan’s economy is ranked as the third-largest in the world.

Since the end of World War II, Japan has been on a rampage, experiencing rapid economic growth, despite the fact that the country is mountainous and volcanic.

Because of the laws of nature, this limits the growth of natural resources in Japan.

In order to make up for this lack of resources, the Japanese economy has become very export-dependent, with exports amounting to more than $694billion in 2017!

Not only does it make up 14% of the country’s output, but it’s also the sixth-largest in the world!

Recently, Japan has been riding the cocktails of China’s massive growth. With Japan being the nearest major economy, Chinese demand has led to massive shopping sprees of Japanese products.

Not only does Japan have great food (how can you beat tempura and sushi?!), it is also home to one of the world’s biggest financial centers – Tokyo!

As you see in the movies, Japanese businessmen mean serious business! With so much money flowing in and out of Tokyo every day, traders and investors can use Japan as a proxy for what’s happening in the Far East.

Monetary & Fiscal Policy

While the Bank of Japan (BOJ) has been around since the late 1800s, only recently did the BOJ gain independence from the Ministry of Finance (MoF).

It was only in 1998 that the Japanese government passed laws giving the BOJ control over monetary policy.

Take note that the Ministry of Finance (MoF) still remains in charge of foreign exchange policy, which has led to tension and continuous differences between the two.

Normally, the government and the central bank are independent of each other – one should not have any influence over others. This is not the case for Japan.

Even though the BOJ has gained independence from the government, there is a question of who really “wears the pants”.

The MoF has kept a watchful eye on the BOJ, pressuring it to pass policies that would help the yen hit the MoF’s foreign exchange targets.

Similar to other central banks, the BOJ’s main objective is that of price stability. The ninja bankers at the BOJ make use of open market operations and interest rate changes to meet their goals.

One thing you should know about the BOJ is that for a very, very long time, they have kept rates at low levels, with the current rate sitting between 0.00% to 0.10%.

Because the rate is already so low, the central bank cannot decrease the rate to stimulate growth or create liquidity.

For instance, in its efforts to fight deflation, the BOJ has whipped out its shurikens and has flooded the markets with money through unorthodox quantitative easing measures.

Quantitative easing measures are moves made by central banks in order to increase liquidity and money supply through the purchase of government securities.

This is sometimes called “printing money” because the central bank literally creates new money from thin air in order to buy back their government securities.

In theory, the BOJ believes that the increase in the money supply would lead to an increase in lending and spending.

Over the years, Japan has created liquidity in the markets by flooding the economy with various programs that let the BOJ buy or sell Japanese government bonds and bills.

Getting to Know the JPY

The yen is so hardcore that it didn’t want to be named anything else. It came into the foreign exchange market called the yen and up to now, it is still called the yen.

The yen is the yen is the yen.

It is also tied in currency crosses, especially against the EUR, GBP, and AUD.

Traders love me like the Japanese love their sushi.

After the USD and the EUR, the JPY is the most heavily traded currency, with USD/JPY also ranking as the 2nd most traded currency pair.

Because of the role that Japan plays in international trade, there is a need for the JPY in order to complete international transactions.

Are you ready for the Asian Sensation?

When investors think of Asia, they subconsciously think of Japan. With Tokyo being one of the world’s major financial centers, Japan is often representative of what’s happening in Asia.

Japan is normally a major trading partner of other Asian powers. If businesses are doing well in Asia, this is normally reflected by the Nikkei, the major stock exchange in Tokyo.

I’m always on the go…

With Japanese reports coming out during the Asian session, it is only natural that the yen trading is active during the Asian session (0:00 GMT).

The yen can also be active in other sessions depending on what economic data is released. This should be expected – it is part of Japanese culture, they do business around the clock!

…but I’m all for cheap thrills!

With many investors looking for the most bang for their buck, some have resorted to carry trade.

With the JPY having the lowest interest rate amongst the majors, it is normally used in carry trade as a funding source.

The Japanese tend to think alike.

Japanese asset managers tend to make the same investment decisions. This leads to highly correlated positions, which means that it is likely to see trends develop.

I’m prone to breakouts…

One characteristic of yen pairs is their tendency to consolidate for quite some time, then break out in one direction, then consolidate once again, then break out once again!

Keep your eyes and ears ready because you never know when this might happen!

…and I have a love-hate relationship with China

With China emerging as a major power in the world, its influence on the JPY will continue to grow. If signs point to further growth in the Chinese economy, it may affect demand for the JPY.

How so?

As we’ve said, China is one of Japan’s major trading partners. Naturally, as Chinese businesses boom, they will need to order more from Japan.

This, in turn, would increase demand for the JPY, causing it to appreciate.

Important Economic Indicators for the JPY

Gross Domestic Product – This measures the economic activity of Japan. It indicates whether the economy is red hot like lava from Mt. Fuji, or if it’s in the process of harakiri.

Tankan Surveys – These reports survey managers from a broad range of industries, questioning them on their views of the economy. Rising sentiment (scores above 0.0) indicate that Japanese businessmen expect business activity to pick up. Scores below 0.0 suggest otherwise.

Trade Balance – The Japanese economy is heavily export-dependent. Falling export numbers could lead to a decline in economic activity.

Unemployment Rate – This measures the rate of unemployment in Japan. High unemployment could lead to a decline in consumer spending – how would they be able to afford their video games and anime??

Consumer Price Index (CPI) – In the past, the Bank of Japan has shown that they are not afraid to make moves to fight off deflation. If trends show that prices of samurai swords and shurikens continue to fall, it may lead to some surprise moves by the BOJ.

Core Machinery Orders – A large chunk of Japan’s exports are comprised of machinery orders. The rise or fall in core machinery orders could reflect the current status of Japanese trade.

What Moves the JPY

Investment Moves

Due to its low interest rates, the JPY has been considered a good funding source for investments in other countries.

This means that if traders and investors are scared, they will begin to unwind their positions in higher-yielding assets.

Once traders start unwinding these riskier positions (carry trades), they have to cover their short JPY trades by buying back the currency.

The BOJ effect

This doesn’t refer to those announced, scheduled effects. I’m talking about currency intervention!

The BOJ and MoF keep special attention to the FX markets. With the Japanese economy being very export-dependent, the value of the yen plays a key role in trade.

The BOJ doesn’t want the JPY to appreciate too much because it would make Japanese exports relatively more expensive.

By keeping the value of the JPY lower, they can stimulate demand for Japanese products, which in turn, would benefit the economy.

Trading USD/JPY

USD/JPY is traded in amounts denominated by the base currency, the US Dollar. Standard lot sizes are 100,000 units of USD and mini lot sizes are 10,000 units. Many brokers now offer customizable lot sizes to as low as 1 unit.

The change in the pair’s value is denominated by the counter currency, the Japanese yen. Take note, for yen pairs, it is the 0.01 decimal place. So, a change in the value of USD/JPY from 95.00 to 95.01 is a move of 1 pip.

As with any currency pair, the change in value is denominated by the counter currency.

The profit and loss are calculated in Japanese yen and then converted to the currency your account is based in.

For one standard lot position size, each pip movement is worth 1,000 JPY.

For one mini lot position size, each pip movement is worth 100 JPY.

For example, if the current exchange rate of USD/JPY is 95.00 and you want to trade one standard lot, then one pip would equate to 10.52 USD (see our Pips and Pipettes lesson on how to calculate pip values).

Margin calculations are based on U.S. dollars. For instance, with leverage of 100:1, 1,000 USD is what is needed to be set aside in your account to trade 100,000 USD/JPY.

USD/JPY Trading Tactics

USD/JPY tends to follow short to medium-term trends, which could last a few days. If you are maintaining a swing trade, that is holding a trade for more than a day, you can try to enter on retracements.

Once price begins to consolidate, you can close your position, and wait for another trend to develop. Take note that when price breaks out, it is likely that you will see a sustained move as traders jump back in on the trend.

Another tip to remember is that Japanese industrial companies normally set their orders at round figures, like 100.00 or 90.50.

You should keep track of whenever the price is near these figures, as they can serve as short-term support and resistance levels.

Finally, you should also keep an eye out for other yen pairs like EUR/JPY and GBP/JPY.

If you see that one of these crosses is about to break a key technical level, it could unleash a fury of JPY buying or selling that will have a massive effect across the board.